Digitalisation in logistics: opportunities for diversifying risks in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The article addresses the issue of diversifying logistics risks affecting the transport and logistics system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to enhance the resilience of the national logistics system amid geopolitical instability, sanctions, infrastructure wear, currency fluctuations, inflationary pressure, rising tariffs, cyber threats, and labor shortages. The aim of the study is to identify the main types of logistics risks in Kazakhstan and to scientifically substantiate the possibilities of digitalisation and innovative approaches to their mitigation. The study employed methods of statistical, comparative, and expert analysis. The empirical base included official statistical data, industry reports, indicators of inflation, currency exchange rates, transport tariffs, as well as actual data on railway, urban bus, and air transport for the years 2021–2024.

As a result of the study, the main risks affecting Kazakhstan's logistics system have been systematised, and the interconnections of geopolitical, economic, infrastructural and digital factors have been identified. The scientific contribution of the article lies in considering logistics risks as a system of complex factors affecting the resilience of the national transport system. The practical significance is determined by proposals aimed at digitalisation, infrastructure renewal, the development of alternative routes and strengthening cybersecurity.

Keywords: logistics, risks, transport, infrastructure, economy, digitalization, cybersecurity, investments, transit.