COVID-19 and healthcare management: lessons from Kazakhstan

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic became one of the most significant challenges of the 21^st century, significantly impacting healthcare systems and the socio-economic development of countries. The objective of this review is to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Kazakhstan's healthcare system and economy, in comparison with other countries, and to develop recommendations to improve healthcare management and strengthen resilience against future crises. In Kazakhstan, the pandemic highlighted systemic problems in healthcare, including workforce shortages, inadequate infrastructure, a high proportion of out-of-pocket expenditures, and limited preparedness for large-scale epidemics. At the same time, measures were implemented, including the construction of infectious disease hospitals, the introduction of digital solutions, collaboration with international organizations, and the rollout of vaccination programs. Global experience and lessons from the pandemic underscore the need for comprehensive reforms in Kazakhstan’s healthcare system to enhance resilience against future epidemiological challenges. These findings highlight the importance of integrating evidence-based management strategies, enhancing intersectoral coordination, and investing in public health infrastructure to ensure a more effective and equitable response to future public health emergencies.

Keywords: COVID-19, Kazakhstan, healthcare system, healthcare management, pandemic.